Abstract:
Since the late twentieth century, vibrant activism of civil society groups and non-governmental organizations has been proliferated against corporate misbehaviors such as environmental destruction, labor and human rights abuses, and corruption. The term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been popularized in business and academia, encouraging companies to participate in social and environmental activities. In addition to growing CSR involvement by firms, a number of global organizations have been established to guide, and arguably control, corporate social and environmental behaviors, which form global CSR governance. Although there is insufficient evidence to date of a positive relationship between CSR and long-term benefits, or of clear incentives or disincentives of participation in these organizations, increasingly multinational corporations (MNCs) have not only implemented various CSR activities but also participated in a number of global CSR organizations and adopting their rules.
